The aim of this work was preparation, development and characterization of BIOACTIVE glass COATING by sol–gel technique for improvement of biocompatibility of 316L stainless steel implant used in dentistry and orthopaedic surgery. Bioglass powder was made by sol–gel technique and thermal properties of the prepared powder were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The prepared bioglass powder was immersed in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to recognize and confirm of the formation of apatite layer on prepared bioglass powder. BIOACTIVE bioglass COATING was performed on 316L stainless steel (SS) substrate by the sol–gel technique. Structural characterization techniques including XRD, SEM and EDX were used to investigate the microstructure and morphology of the COATING. Electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed in two different types of physiological solutions at 37oC in order to determine and compare the corrosion behavior of the bioglass coated SS and uncoated specimens as an indication of biocompatibility. The formation of apatite layer confirmed the bioactivity of the bioglass powder and tests revealed that all the films signs of bioactivity. It was also found that at sintering temperatures above 900oC, crystalline phase Ca2SiO4 was formed. Crack-free and homogeneous bioglass COATINGs were obtained with no observable defects. The bioglass COATING also improved corrosion resistance of the 316L SS substrates such as the corrosion current density of coated samples in comparison with pristine samples was decreased.It was concluded that the sol-gel bioglass COATING can improve the corrosion behavior of dental and orthopedic metallic implants and two goals including improvement of biocompatibility and bone osteointegration can be obtained simultaneously.

In this study, BIOACTIVE glass COATING was used for improvement of surface and bioactivity of stainless steel 316L. BIOACTIVE glass was made by sol-gel technique and thermal properties of the prepared powder were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA). Stainless steel was immersed in the solution and afterward, effect of heat treatment byCO2 laser with 5 and 10w and an electrical furnace was investigated. The structural and topographical properties of the glasses were studied using, XRD, FTIR, SEM and AFM techniques. The results showed, the sample was prepared by sol-gel method after heat treatment in furnace has been partially crystallized to hydroxyapatite. Whereas, the samples were prepared by laser remained amorphous.

COATING not only prevents the evaporation of water inside the fruit and fungus infections but also reduces the appearance marketing. The effects of COATING on inner composition which determines the nutritional value and taste of fruit juice has been less studied. To this aim, the experiment was conducted on harvested citrus fruits including ‘Thomson’, ‘Siavaraz’ (a local variety), ‘Moro’, and ‘Page’ mandarin. Fruits with uniform size and free of any disorders were harvested, and divided into different groups. Used treatments were included control (no COATING), wax COATING (a type commonly used by growers) and storage period. Treated fruits of each variety were stored at 50C for 90 days and some physicochemical properties of pulp were evaluated on samples taken from 0, 30, 60 and 90 days after beginning of storage. Overall, ascorbic acid content of four varieties decreased during storage especially in ‘Thomson’ and ‘Page’ varieties. The total phenol decreased after harvesting, but at each stage of sampling, phenol content of control fruits was higher than waxed fruits. All treatments had not significant effect to inhibit DPPH radicals. Inversely, uncoated fruits typically inhibited from ABTS radicals than coated fruits especially during the late month of storage.

In this research, hydroxyapatite composite with two reinforcements alumina and zirconia has been used as a COATING on titanium dental implants for the first time. Two kinds of titanium implants with different percentages of impurities were chosen and after cleaning, they were coated with hydroxyapatite alumina-zirconia sol. The method of COATING was sol-gel that coated implants by dip-COATING and spin-COATING. The use of sol-gel method was for the reason that it is a cheap COATING method and it can coat all samples. By comparing the samples, it was found that in dip-COATING method, cracks are less and the morphology is more homogeneous. Although spin-coated samples were homogeneous too, but they had more cracks. COATING processes were done in three stages and between these stages, in second stage, COATINGs were the best in having less cracks and the best homogeneity. It was found that implants with less impurity had more homogeneous COATINGs. Increasing aging and calcination temperature of COATINGs had a great effect on the quality of COATINGs. The aim of this research was to investigate these COATINGs for COATING titanium dental implants. Because implantation is an expensive operation, we used cheap raw materials for the COATING of implants.

Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely recognized as a promising cell type for therapeutic applications due to their ability to secrete and regenerate BIOACTIVE molecules. For effective bone healing, it is crucial to select a scaffold that can support, induce, and restore biological function. Evaluating the scaffold should involve assessing MSC survival, proliferation, and differentiation. The principal aim of this investigation was to formulate composite nanofibrous scaffolds apt for applications in bone tissue engineering. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated using Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) polymer. The PLLA fibers’ surface was modified by integrating collagen and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. Results: The findings demonstrated that the collagen-and nanohydroxyapatite-modified electrospun PLLA scaffold positively influenced the attachment, growth, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Conclusion: COATING the nanofiber scaffold with collagen and nanoparticle HA significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs on electrospun PLLA scaffolds.

Despite excellent bioactivity of BIOACTIVE ceramics such as hydroxyapatite, their clinical applications have been limited due to their poor mechanical properties. Using composite COATINGs with improved mechanical properties could be a solution to this problem. Therefore, the strength of metal substrate and the bioactivity of the improved composite COATING combined could yield suitable results. The aim of this work was fabrication and characterization of hydroxyapatite-forsterite-BIOACTIVE glass nanocomposite COATING. The sol-gel technique was used to prepare hydroxyapatite-forsterite-BIOACTIVE glass nanocomposite in order to coat on 316L stainless steel (SS) by deep COATING technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) techniques were used to investigate the microstructure and morphology of the prepared COATING. The results obtained from XRD analysis showed that the suitable temperature for calcination is 600oC. At this temperature, the homogenous and crack-free COATING could attach to the 316L SS substrate. The crystallite size of composite COATINGs determined via AFM was lower than 100 nm. Overall, the results obtained from this work indicate that hydroxyapatite-forsterite-BIOACTIVE glass nanocomposite COATING can be a good candidate for biomedical applications.

Pulses form stable dietary components for majority of population across the world. Different people consume pulses in different ways like Uncooked, Soaked, and cooked or only cooked without soaking. All these processing techniques lead to changes in the nutritional value of the pulses. Studies have also reported that in addition to nutritional components like Proteins, Carbohydrates, and fats, pulses also contain anti-nutritional components like Lectins, Tannins, and Polyphenols that greatly interfere with digestion of pulses in the human intestine. Hence in the current study a comprehensive review is being compiled to evaluate the nutritional and antinutritional aspects of pulses and effect of processing methods on invitro protein and starch digestibility of the pulses.